Ethanol (C₂H₆O), also known as ethyl alcohol, is a versatile alcohol used as a solvent, disinfectant, fuel additive, and the active ingredient in alcoholic beverages.

Ethanol (C₂H₆O) – Properties, Applications, and Safety Information

Also Known As: Ethyl Alcohol, EtOH

Chemical Name: Ethanol
Chemical Formula: C₂H₆O
Chemical Class: Alcohols, Organic Compounds, Volatile Solvents

Physical and Chemical Properties

• Molecular Weight: 46.07 g/mol

• Boiling Point: 78.37 °C

• Melting Point: –114.1 °C

• Density: 0.789 g/cm³ (at 20 °C)

• Solubility: Fully miscible with water and most organic solvents

• Reactivity: Reacts with strong oxidizers; forms esters with acids

• Stability: Stable under standard conditions; flammable in the presence of heat or open flame

Applications

✅ Solvent – Widely used in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and chemical synthesis
✅ Disinfectant and antiseptic – Used in hand sanitizers, surface cleaners, and medical applications
✅ Fuel and biofuel – Added to gasoline (as bioethanol) to reduce emissions
✅ Beverage production – Principal alcohol in alcoholic drinks
✅ Laboratory use – Serves as a reagent and cleaning agent in analytical and preparative chemistry

Safety Information

⚠️ Flammable – Vapors may ignite with heat, sparks, or open flame
❗ Health hazard – Inhalation or ingestion of high concentrations can affect the central nervous system
❗ Skin/eye contact – May cause irritation or dryness with prolonged exposure
✅ Storage – Store in tightly sealed containers in a cool, well-ventilated area away from ignition sources
✅ PPE: Protective gloves, goggles, lab coat, proper ventilation when used in large volumes