Ether (C₄H₁₀O), commonly known as diethyl ether, is a flammable and volatile solvent widely used in chemical synthesis, fuel additives, and formerly as a surgical anesthetic.

Ether (C₄H₁₀O) – Properties, Applications, and Safety Information

Also Known As: Diethyl Ether, Ethyl Ether, Ethyl Oxide

Chemical Name: Ether
Chemical Formula: C₄H₁₀O
Chemical Class: Ethers, Volatile Organic Compounds

Physical and Chemical Properties

• Molecular Weight: 74.12 g/mol

• Boiling Point: 34.6 °C

• Melting Point: –116.3 °C

• Density: 0.7134 g/cm³ (at 20 °C)

• Solubility: Slightly soluble in water; miscible with alcohol, chloroform, acetone, and most organic solvents

• Reactivity: Forms explosive peroxides on exposure to air and light; reacts violently with oxidizing agents

• Stability: Highly volatile and flammable; must be handled with caution under controlled conditions

Applications

✅ Solvent – Extensively used in organic synthesis, extraction, and purification
✅ Anesthetic (historical) – Formerly used in surgery as an inhalation anesthetic
✅ Fuel additive – Used in engine starting fluids due to its high volatility
✅ Chemical reagent – Preferred solvent for Grignard reactions and organometallic chemistry
✅ Industrial use – Employed in coatings, adhesives, and chemical formulations

Safety Information

⚠️ Extremely flammable – Easily ignitable and forms explosive vapor-air mixtures
❗ Inhalation hazard – Can cause central nervous system depression, dizziness, and loss of consciousness
❗ Skin/eye irritant – May cause dryness or irritation with direct contact
✅ Storage – Store in well-ventilated, cool areas in light-protected containers; avoid oxidizing agents
✅ PPE: Flame-resistant gloves, splash goggles, chemical apron, fume hood